Farmers looking to improve soil health and crop yields may find a solution in crop rotation, according to a study by North-West University (NWU) researchers. The study, published in the International Microbiology Journal, reveals that the rotation of crops leads to a more diverse and beneficial microbial community in soil.

Researchers Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji, Jerry Onyemaechi Kanu, and Prof Olubukola Oluranti Babalola used advanced genetic techniques to compare soil microbes in two different farming systems. They are mono-cropping, where maize is planted in the same field every season, and crop rotation, where different crops are grown in different seasons.

Findings showed that crop rotation resulted in a richer microbial community, with beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, as well as fungi like Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Archaea such as Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota were also more prevalent in rotated fields.

Jerry emphasises the importance of these microbes. "Soil microbes play a crucial role in plant health and productivity. A diverse microbial community can improve nutrient availability, support plant growth, and even help control harmful pathogens."

The research also found that soil from crop rotation systems maintained a better balance of beneficial microbes, leading to improved soil fertility over time. "Our results suggest that farmers who practise crop rotation are likely to see long-term benefits in terms of soil health and increased crop yields," Jerry adds.

The findings highlight the importance of sustainable farming practices. Healthy soil supports better crop production, reduces the need for chemical fertilisers, and helps maintain environmental balance.

The researchers hope their study encourages more farmers to adopt crop rotation. "Sustainable farming is essential for food security and environmental conservation. Crop rotation is a simple yet effective way to achieve that," Jerry concludes.

This study provides valuable insights for farmers and agricultural policymakers, reinforcing the benefits of crop rotation for long-term agricultural success.

Jerry Onyemaechi Kanu.