By Tiyiselani Precious Miyambu

Researchers from the North-West University’s (NWU’s) Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management conducted a study on the presence of a widely used herbicide – glyphosate – and its byproduct, AMPA, in South Africa’s water, soil and sediment.

Glyphosate, a key ingredient in many weed-control products, is essential in modern agriculture, particularly in the production of crops like maize and soybeans.

“Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide globally and South Africa is no exception,” explains Prof Suranie Horn who led the research. “Between 2009 and 2017, its usage more than doubled in South Africa, reaching nearly 8 000 tonnes annually.”

The study, funded by the Water Research Commission, did not detect glyphosate or AMPA in samples collected from agricultural and non-agricultural areas in the North West and Mpumalanga provinces. “While this is reassuring, it highlights the need for advanced monitoring and more sensitive instrumental testing methods,” adds Prof Horn.

The researchers assessed whether glyphosate posed risks to human health through drinking water or skin contact. “Based on our data, no immediate risks were identified, but the absence of consistent monitoring remains a concern,” Prof Horn says.

She also notes gaps in South Africa’s environmental regulations. “Current water quality standards do not specifically address glyphosate or its formulations, which is worrying. Some inert ingredients in these products may be more toxic than glyphosate itself.”

The study emphasises the importance of understanding how glyphosate interacts with the environment, especially in areas where it is heavily applied. “Regular monitoring is critical to assess its long-term impact on ecosystems and human health,” stresses Prof Horn.

Researchers recommend expanding the study to include farmer interviews and use data and more detailed analyses of how the herbicide behaves in South African soils and water sources.

“This is just the beginning,” says Prof Horn. “There is still much to uncover about the environmental behavior of glyphosate in South Africa.”

 Prof Suranie Horn