When wildfires tear through landscapes, the flames disappear quickly but the damage they leave behind can last for years. A new study by North-West University (NWU) academics shows how satellite technology is helping scientists and decision-makers better understand the true impact of wildfires and plan smarter responses for the future.

The study, “Wildfire burn severity in the Mediterranean Biome: A systematic review”, was conducted by Seima Madiba, an MSc student from the Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, alongside his supervisors, Dr Daniel Boshoff and Dr Mandla Dlamini. It was published in the international journal Discover Sustainability in January 2026.

The research looks at how scientists around the world measure wildfire burn severity. In simple terms, this means examining how badly land, plants and soil are damaged after a fire. This information is crucial for deciding which areas need urgent help, which can recover naturally and how to reduce future fire risks.

“Wildfires don’t affect all land in the same way,” Dr Dlamini explained. “Some areas recover quickly, while others remain damaged for a long time. If we don’t measure that damage properly, we can’t respond effectively.”

Satellite imagery gives a complete picture of fire damage

By reviewing studies from fire-prone Mediterranean-type regions worldwide, the researchers found that satellite images and digital maps are among the most reliable ways to assess wildfire damage across the globe. These tools allow authorities to quickly identify large burned areas, even in remote or unsafe locations.

“Satellite technology helps us see the full picture,” Dr Dlamini said. “It allows decision-makers to understand the scale of the damage and respond faster and more accurately.”

The study also found that the best results come from combining satellite data with on-the-ground validation. This approach improves accuracy and ensures that recovery plans are based on real conditions rather than estimates.

The results further revealed a marked geographic skew, with the majority of research concentrated in Southern Europe, especially in Spain and Portugal. This is despite the ecological importance of comparable Mediterranean regions such as North Africa, Chile, Cyprus, South Africa and Australia. These findings underscore the pivotal role of geospatial technologies in wildfire research while highlighting a research gap in Mediterranean ecosystems, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere.

How communities stand to benefit

Beyond science, the findings have clear benefits for communities. Better wildfire assessments support safer town planning, protect natural ecosystems and guide land rehabilitation efforts. They also help governments prepare for future fires by identifying high-risk areas early.

Beyond science, the findings have clear benefits for communities. Better wildfire assessments support safer town planning, protect natural ecosystems and guide land rehabilitation efforts. They also help governments prepare for future fires by identifying high-risk areas early.

“Our research shows that this is not just about science,” Dr Dlamini said. “It’s about protecting communities, livelihoods and natural resources in a time when wildfires are becoming more common.”

The study also links wildfire monitoring to the global Sustainable Development Goals, which focus on building safer communities and protecting the environment. e researchers, modern mapping and satellite tools are now essential for managing wildfire risks and building long-term resilience.

Dr Mandla Dlamin