Academic

New study explores future biology teachers’ views on AI in the classroom across two continents

BELINDA BANTHAM — Fri, 25 Apr 2025 04:56:32 +0000

New study explores future biology teachers’ views on AI in the classroom across two continents

BELINDA BANTHAM Fri, 04/25/2025 - 06:56

A new international study is shedding light on how future biology teachers from South Africa and Indonesia perceive the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classroom, and what they believe is needed to make it work effectively.

Dr Moleboheng Mokhele-Ramulumo, a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Education and member of the Research Unit for Self-Directed Learning at the North-West University (NWU), led the comparative study. It focused on the perceived benefits of AI in biology education and teachers’ self-reported Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK).

“There is growing interest in how AI can be used in classrooms, but we found that teachers still need support to understand how to use it effectively,” says Dr Mokhele-Ramulumo.

The international research team included:

· Prof Lindelani Mnguni – University of Pretoria

· Prof Prasart Nuangchalerm – Mahasarakham University, Thailand

· Dr R Ahmad Zaky El Islami – Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Indonesia

· Dr Doras Sibanda – University of KwaZulu-Natal

· Dr Indah Juwita Sari – Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Indonesia

The study surveyed 113 participants, 62 from South Africa and 51 from Indonesia, via an online questionnaire. Results revealed that Indonesian participants reported higher levels of technological knowledge and technological pedagogical knowledge. Despite this, both groups expressed similarly strong views on the benefits of integrating AI into biology teaching.

“AI was generally seen as useful for collaboration and for helping students engage with the content, but without the right training, these benefits may not be fully realised,” says Dr Mokhele-Ramulumo.

A key finding was that among Indonesian pre-service teachers, higher technological knowledge was significantly associated with stronger beliefs in AI’s educational value, particularly in promoting peer collaboration.

“This suggests that when future teachers feel confident in their tech skills, they are more likely to see value in using AI,” she adds.

The study also highlights ongoing gaps in teacher preparation and emphasises the need for improved training and equitable access to technological tools in teacher education.

“We need to think about how institutions support pre-service teachers,” says Dr Mokhele-Ramulumo. “If we want classrooms to benefit from AI, we have to start by equipping the teachers.”

This research contributes meaningfully to the global discourse on AI in education by identifying the conditions necessary for its successful integration in schools.

Future biology teachers from South Africa and Indonesia weigh in on the promise and challenges of integrating AI into classrooms, highlighting the need for better training and support.

No increase in VAT is the right decision

BELINDA BANTHAM — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 13:59:59 +0000

No increase in VAT is the right decision BELINDA BANTHAM Thu, 04/24/2025 - 15:59

The decision by the National Treasury not to increase value-added tax (VAT) on 1 May is the right one in the current circumstances.

Prof Raymond Parsons, economist from the North-West University (NWU) Business School, says after an intensive debate a rise in VAT was eventually seen to be unnecessary, and economically and politically it also failed to command wide support.

“An unchanged VAT rate brings welcome relief and certainty to business and consumers, and to that extent is confidence-building. However, this does not mean that, fiscally, South Africa is out of the woods. Future risks to fiscal policy remain.”

According to Prof Parsons, successfully managing these risks now depends on a credible fiscal strategy to balance the books being embodied in the third budget to be presented to Parliament shortly by the National Treasury. “Nevertheless, the advantages of the delayed Budget and the controversy that surrounded it are three-fold. Better options available were identified to balance the Budget on both its spending and tax sides, future Budgets will be subjected to a more intensive consultative process, and the urgent need for much higher economic growth was emphasised again.”

Prof Parsons points out that it is now even more necessary, especially given current global developments, for South Africa to speedily accelerate key structural reforms to expand the economy. “Fiscal sustainability needs to be reinforced by stronger economic growth that enlarges the tax base and hence boosts tax revenues,” he says.

Weevils alone will not permanently eradicate Hartbeespoort Dam’s hyacinth problem

BELINDA BANTHAM — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 06:30:39 +0000

Weevils alone will not permanently eradicate Hartbeespoort Dam’s hyacinth problem BELINDA BANTHAM Thu, 04/24/2025 - 08:30

By Gofaone Motsamai

While the release of weevils into the hyacinth-infested waters of the Hartbeespoort Dam is a welcome development, these insects alone cannot be expected to permanently solve the dam’s pollution problem.

“The use of weevils must be part of an integrated plan to resolve the issue,” says Prof Wynand Malherbe from the North-West University’s (NWU’s) Water Research Group in the Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management.

“They can help treat the symptoms of the problem, but they won’t address the root cause – which is nutrient-rich inflows and poor water quality in the catchments of Hartebeesport Dam.”

Prof Malherbe, commenting on the recent release of a weevil biotype – a small beetle species used in biological control – into the dam, says weevils can help combat the rapid spread of water hyacinth, but that reinvasion will reoccur if the underlying causes are not addressed.

On the one hand, the use of weevils is part of a scientifically backed method of restoring ecological balance without the use of chemicals, he says, noting that research from the Centre for Biological Control at Rhodes University has shown limited risk to the ecosystem.

On the other hand, biological control of this kind is not without its challenges.

“These weevils are unable to survive the region’s cold winters, which naturally limits their population and prevents uncontrolled spread,” Prof Malherbe says. “They also take time to become effective, and their performance is affected by environmental conditions such as water quality, temperature and pollution, making outcomes difficult to predict from year to year.”

He says biological control works best when combined with mechanical removal and, in some cases, the use of selective herbicides. “It is a very effective method to control water hyacinth in the long run, but it will never fully eradicate the problem.”

Ongoing management and coordination are essential, he adds. “Water hyacinth will return in the new season, so continuous efforts and monitoring are essential. Without proper oversight, there’s also a small risk that the biological agents could impact indigenous systems, especially if mismanaged.”

Prof Wynand Malherbe.

Industry expert translates operational theory into real-world practice

BELINDA BANTHAM — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 06:28:19 +0000

Industry expert translates operational theory into real-world practice

by Zenoyise John

BELINDA BANTHAM Thu, 04/24/2025 - 08:28

In a dynamic step towards bridging the gap between academic learning and real-world industry practice, the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences at the Vanderbijlpark Campus of the North-West University (NWU) recently hosted an enriching guest lecture as part of the Operations Management (BMAN 213) module.

The session featured Khathu Maumela, manager for research and development at the Rand Water Institute. With more than 20 years of experience in the mining, energy and water sectors, Khathu brought a wealth of operational expertise and leadership insight. His current role at Rand Water has placed him at the forefront of innovation and sustainability in the water industry.

The session was made possible through the initiative of junior lecturer Reagile Raditsela from the School of Management Sciences, who saw the value of integrating industry voices into academic modules. “I invited Khathu because of his wealth of experience and his ability to translate operational theory into real-world practice. It is important for students to see how what they are learning connects to the industry.”

To ensure the lecture aligned with course objectives, Khathu was provided with the BMAN 213 study guide, outlining key learning outcomes and study units, and Reagile and Khathu discussed the importance of linking their professional insights directly to classroom content.

The result was a well-structured, thought-provoking presentation that explored the various operational functions at Rand Water – from process maintenance to systems design – all within the context of the students’ coursework. The lecture served as a tangible example of how operations management plays a critical role in organisational efficiency and sustainability. The overarching aim of the guest lecture was to inspire students to engage more deeply with their studies, not just as a step towards a qualification, but as a foundation for future careers.

According to Reagile, many students often view modules in isolation, and this session aimed to shift that mindset. “We want students to view this module not as a hurdle, but as a gateway into the industry. Operations management is more than just theory – it is the engine room of any successful business.”

Student feedback following the session was overwhelmingly positive. They praised the lecture for being interactive, relevant and inspiring. Many asked insightful questions during and after the session, with several students staying behind for further discussions – an encouraging sign of the impact the talk had had.

Looking ahead, future topics may include strategic and safety management, with plans to invite speakers from various business sectors to offer students a more rounded view of potential career paths.

“Events like these build bridges between the university and the industry, between theory and application, and – most importantly – between students and their future,” says Reagile.

“Beyond student engagement, such events also serve to strengthen the NWU’s relationship with industry leaders, encouraging collaboration, innovation and the co-development of relevant learning experiences. These relationships ensure that academic programmes remain responsive to the evolving needs of the workplace.”

The most rewarding outcome? Seeing students inspired.

“Watching them engage, ask questions and stay after the lecture showed me that we are not just teaching, we are transforming perspectives and preparing future leaders,” adds Reagile.

Junior lecturer Reagile Raditsela from the NWU’s School of Management Sciences with Khathu Maumela, manager for research and development at the Rand Water Institute.

Predicted growth not good enough for South Africa

BELINDA BANTHAM — Wed, 23 Apr 2025 10:00:42 +0000

Predicted growth not good enough for South Africa BELINDA BANTHAM Wed, 04/23/2025 - 12:00

The bad news from the latest assessment by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) of the impact of trade wars and policy uncertainty on the world economy is not unexpected. It nonetheless highlights the extent of the economic damage anticipated by recent unbridled United States of America (US) protectionism and its wider consequences.

In commenting on the latest update by the IMF on the world economic outlook, Prof Raymond Parsons, economist from the North-West University (NWU) Business School, says in cutting its 2025 global growth forecast from 3,3% to 2,8%, the IMF has warned that it nonetheless hides big variations across countries and is universally negative.

“While a global recession is unlikely, the IMF expects both emerging markets and developed economies to experience much slower growth, including the two biggest ones, namely, the US and China. The world economy is therefore clearly now less supportive of domestic economic growth. Moreover, the IMF has two forecasts of particular significance for South Africa’s growth prospects.”

Prof Parsons says the IMF has reduced South Africa’s 2025 gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecast from 1,5% to 1%, but is also projecting South Africa reaching a growth rate of only 1,8% by 2030.

“This is simply not good enough for South Africa, given its socioeconomic challenges. It falls far short of the target of the Government of National Unity (GNU) of wanting 3% inclusive growth in the medium term. High investment and job-rich growth require confidence in the future. There needs to be a renewed emphasis on accelerating key structural reforms.”

Prof Parsons says a strategic pivot in growth policy is urgently required to create the extra economic buffers and resilience needed to decisively deal with external shocks, and to ensure that tailwinds outweigh headwinds in 2025.

African economies should adapt to global challenges amid US-China tariff wars

BELINDA BANTHAM — Thu, 17 Apr 2025 06:29:35 +0000

African economies should adapt to global challenges amid US-China tariff wars

by Steve Maphakathe

BELINDA BANTHAM Thu, 04/17/2025 - 08:29

In a timely Pitso webinar hosted on Friday, 11 April, the North-West University (NWU) Business School featured distinguished panellists who discussed the vulnerable status of African economies caught in the crossfire of escalating international tariff wars. As countries on the continent compete for both economic sovereignty and competitive advantage, the discussion focused on how the economic power struggle between the US and China is changing trade landscapes throughout Africa.

The unpredictable nature of the present tariff environment was highlighted by Khaya Sithole, columnist and director of Regulatory Affairs at the Association of Black Securities and Investment Professionals (ABSIP). He cited the ongoing trade disputes between the US and China, where taxes on some imports have risen to a surprising 125%. Sithole said, "The first thing we are all going to check after this conversation is what the latest tariff rates are," stressing the unpredictable commercial landscape that African countries must navigate while formulating their economic policies.

Claude de Baissac, founder of Eunomix, emphasised the significance of geopolitical concerns and urged participants to get ready for a future marked by more uncertainty. De Baissac delivered a thoughtful evaluation, hinting at scenarios where the US might aggressively assert economic dominance. "We are no longer in a world where this is not going to happen," he warned, emphasising the need for strategic resilience in South Africa’s trade policies.

In turn, Stavros Nicolaou, group senior executive for Strategic Trade at the Aspen Pharma Group, addressed the critical importance of trade alignment for South Africa's economic health. He promoted a pragmatic approach to international commerce, stating: "A country like South Africa, with economic challenges, cannot afford to be partisan or parochial to any particular geography or region in the world. South Africa needs to fully understand trade patterns and it must be open to trading with everyone." Nicolaou's argument stressed the need to keep a variety of trade connections rather than aligning solely with one of the two economic superpowers.

Agricultural sector insights came from Wandile Sihlobo, chief economist of the Agricultural Business Chamber of South Africa, who proposed stronger ties with the United States. He said, "The best path for South Africa is to engage with the US on a free trade agreement," suggesting that in order to obtain favourable conditions, both parties would have to make concessions.

De Baissac provided critique of contemporary tariff diplomacy, particularly regarding the present US administration's approach. He claimed that, while reciprocal tariffs have traditionally been the foundation of international trade, US President Donald Trump is "abusing the term by calling it political tariffs" when they serve as instruments of economic coercion, intended to pressure international economic entities into accommodating American demands.

The perspectives of these experts illustrate a careful balancing of tasks that is necessary as African economies continue to strive for both the protection of domestic industries and integration into international markets. African nations need to develop smart and flexible strategies to withstand these economic imbalances caused by great powers competing with each other. At the same time, they should advance their own trade interests and sovereignty in a world economy that is becoming increasingly unpredictable.

NWU master's-degree student explores cultural competence and healthcare interactions in Belgium

BELINDA BANTHAM — Wed, 16 Apr 2025 13:53:35 +0000

NWU master's-degree student explores cultural competence and healthcare interactions in Belgium BELINDA BANTHAM Wed, 04/16/2025 - 15:53

The Faculty of Health Sciences values global learning experiences that shape well-rounded professionals. One of our master’s-degree nursing students, Zwothe Muthabeni, recently had the opportunity to participate in an international nursing internship in Belgium, offering a unique perspective on the intersection of cultural diversity and healthcare.

Belgium, renowned for its multicultural identity and strong healthcare system, provided an ideal setting for exploring intercultural competence in healthcare. The experience allowed Zwothe to grow both professionally and personally, offering key insights into the challenges and opportunities of working in a diverse healthcare environment.

During the internship, Zwothe gained first-hand experience at Jessa Hospital and White Yellow Cross, organisations committed to patient-centred care. The experience involved navigating language barriers, adapting to cultural practices and learning how to provide care in a system that values inclusivity and holistic treatment.

"Through this experience, I have learned the importance of cultural competence in nursing," said Zwothe. "It is about more than just speaking the language; it is about understanding the nuances of a culture and connecting with people from diverse backgrounds. My time in Belgium has shaped my approach to patient care and emphasised the importance of flexibility, adaptability and compassion in the healthcare setting."

The internship highlighted the stark contrast between Belgium’s well-resourced healthcare system and South Africa’s challenges, particularly in rural areas. The experience underscored the importance of flexibility and creative problem-solving in settings with limited resources. It also reinforced the significance of patient-centred care, where the emotional, spiritual and physical needs of patients are prioritised.

Belgium’s healthcare system, underpinned by its social insurance model, offers an excellent example of how cultural sensitivity can enhance patient care. Zwothe’s work in home-based care, in particular, demonstrated how culturally informed care can improve patient outcomes, strengthen relationships and foster trust.

In addition, the opportunity to immerse herself in Belgium’s rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions was invaluable. Zwothe participated in a variety of international events, gaining first-hand experience of the country's commitment to fostering intercultural dialogue and collaboration.

The Faculty of Health Sciences commends students like Zwothe, who take the initiative to learn and grow through real-world experiences. Our goal is to prepare the next generation of healthcare professionals to work effectively in global settings, equipped with the skills and knowledge to provide compassionate care to individuals from all walks of life.

Zwothe Muthabeni

Dr Dolly Dlavane inaugurated for second term on PanSALB Board

BELINDA BANTHAM — Wed, 16 Apr 2025 10:06:06 +0000

Dr Dolly Dlavane inaugurated for second term on PanSALB Board

by Belinda Bantham

BELINDA BANTHAM Wed, 04/16/2025 - 12:06

Dr Dolly Dlavane, director of the Centre for African Language Teaching (CALT) at North-West University (NWU), has been inaugurated for a second term as a board member of the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB). The official engagement recently took place at the Constitutional Court.

Dr Dlavane served on the PanSALB Board for five years, concluding her initial term in March last year. It was these five years that she chaired a committee that dealt with the core mandate of PanSALB (Core Mandate Committee – CMC). Following a nomination for reappointment, she completed the rigorous interview and selection process. Her inauguration marks the beginning of another five-year term dedicated to promoting multilingualism and the advancement of South Africa’s linguistic heritage.

This board membership complements her role as Director of CALT, serving as a valuable catalyst for engaging with key stakeholders interested in the development and promotion of African languages in education.

Reflecting on her reappointment, Dr. Dlavane expressed deep gratitude for the opportunity to continue advocating for and protecting linguistic diversity and promoting the development of African languages in education and society. She feels deeply honoured and humbled to serve on the PanSALB Board, especially in 2025—a landmark year in which South Africa's Basic Education system begins implementing Mother Tongue-Based Bilingual Education in Grade 4.

Grade 4 has long been recognized for low reading proficiency in African languages nationwide, making this initiative particularly significant. She is also especially enthusiastic about the recent signing of the Basic Education Laws Act 2022 (BELA) Bill, which represents an important step forward in recognising African languages and South African Sign Language at schools.

Dr. Dlavane envisions a future where African languages are fully integrated into the school system, enhancing discipline-based epistemic access for African language speakers. This vision is already being realized at North-West University’s Faculty of Education, where efforts are underway to produce teachers equipped to teach in multilingual classrooms. According to Dr. Dlavane, a key driver in achieving this at the school level is the implementation of the Incremental Introduction of African Languages (IIAL) policy. As a flagship programme of the Department of Basic Education, IIAL promotes social cohesion by embracing linguistic diversity, a value deeply rooted in South Africa’s National Development Plan (NDP).

A passionate advocate for the advancement and intellectualisation of African languages, she consistently calls for their increased use in both universities and schools, and for true parity of esteem among all twelve official South African languages. She is particularly impressed by improved numbers in African languages postgraduate registrations with students writing their thesis in their African languages. Also, the way private institutions, such as Curro Schools, offer African languages aligned with the linguistic demographics of each province.

She encourages communities to make use of PanSALB’s language services through its structures available at provincial offices. Alternatively, individuals can visit the PanSALB website or follow its social media platforms to stay informed about its achievements and ongoing initiatives.

Dr Dolly Dlavane

NWU Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease granted a five-year extension

BELINDA BANTHAM — Tue, 15 Apr 2025 09:51:28 +0000

NWU Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease granted a five-year extension BELINDA BANTHAM Tue, 04/15/2025 - 11:51

The South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) has granted a five-year extension to the SAMRC/NWU Extramural Unit (EMU) for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, effective from the beginning of April 2025. This decision follows a successful review process and highlights the crucial role of the unit in addressing the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in South Africa.

The review panel highlighted the valuable contributions of the EMU to research on hypertension and cardiovascular health, recognising its work in advancing clinical, pathophysiological and epidemiological knowledge. The SAMRC/NWU EMU focuses on understanding the development of CVD, from early detection in children to more advanced stages in the elderly, exploring genetic and lifestyle factors unique to South African communities. Its research aims to reduce CVD prevalence through early intervention, improved public health initiatives and evidence-based strategies tailored to the South African context.

In addition to its research contributions, the EMU has been committed to community engagement through initiatives such as May Measurement Month, a global hypertension awareness campaign and educational programmes that promote healthy lifestyles to prevent CVD. The EMU also works closely with schools, clinics and workplaces, sharing information on how individuals can reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Prof Marlien Pieters, the director of the SAMRC/NWU EMU, expressed her enthusiasm about the extension, sharing that it is a significant recognition of their team’s ongoing dedication to improving the health outcomes of South Africans. It enables them to continue critical work in understanding and preventing CVDs, particularly in the context of our diverse population.

As South Africa faces a growing challenge with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including CVDs, the SAMRC/NWU EMU is well positioned to contribute to the country’s health goals. With support from both the SAMRC and the NWU, the unit continues to play a pivotal role in shaping policies, developing treatment guidelines and delivering public health strategies that aim to reduce CVD prevalence and improve the quality of life of South Africans.

Prof Marlien Pieters

AGSA’s chief risk officer shares insights on risk from an entrepreneurship perspective

BELINDA BANTHAM — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 09:59:08 +0000

AGSA’s chief risk officer shares insights on risk from an entrepreneurship perspective

by Belinda Bantham

BELINDA BANTHAM Mon, 04/14/2025 - 11:59

Bridging the gap between academic theory and real-world experience, the North-West University (NWU) recently hosted Mr Solly Segooa, chief risk officer at the Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA), for a thought-provoking guest lecture titled “Understanding and managing risk in entrepreneurship”.

The session offered students a unique opportunity to gain practical insight into the complexities of financial oversight, governance, and risk management in both public and private sectors.

As the institution responsible for auditing government expenditure and promoting financial accountability across South Africa, the AGSA plays a vital role in ensuring the responsible use of public funds. Welcoming an expert from this esteemed office brought the realities of governance and risk into sharp focus for students of the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences.

Mr Segooa, who brings decades of experience in finance, governance, and corporate risk, delivered a dynamic and engaging lecture far beyond textbook theory.

“Risk isn’t something to avoid,” he told students. “It’s something to understand, engage with, and, when possible, turn into an opportunity.” He illustrated his points with real-life stories from his career, highlighting the tough decisions and valuable lessons that come with managing risk in complex environments.

Dr Lerato E. Mdaka, a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, reflected on the significance of Mr Segooa’s visit. “At the NWU, we’re always looking for ways to bridge theory with practice, and inviting industry leaders is one of the best ways. Mr Segooa’s insights helped students understand the practical implications of risk and entrepreneurship in a way that is both accessible and globally relevant.”

The lecture also carried international importance, as the University of Kigali, Rwanda joined the lecture as part of an ongoing partnership with the NWU.

“Having the University of Kigali participate was particularly meaningful,” Dr Mdaka added. “When we talk about entrepreneurship, we’re discussing something that transcends borders. The risks an entrepreneur faces in Kigali might look different from those in Johannesburg, but the principles of risk management—facing uncertainty and threat head-on, minimizing it’s impact and unlocking its hidden opportunities—are universal.”